THE UNITED STATES BILL OF RIGHTS

The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United States Passed by Congress
September 25, 1789
Ratified December 15, 1791 

I 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,
or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for
a redress of grievances. 

II 

A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State,
the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. 

III
No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in
time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 

IV 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated,
and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath
or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be
seized. 

V 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime,
unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising
in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger;
nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor
shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself,
nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;
nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. 

VI 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have
been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of
the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him;
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of
counsel for his defense. 

VII 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial
by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of
the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. 

VIII 

Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflicted. 

IX 

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage
others retained by the people. 

X 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States,
are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.